When companies started developing OLED materials, you could hardly stop them talking about intensity, colour co-ordinates and product lifetime.
The successful companies were bought up or signed deals, and the situation has reversed - few will discuss performance.
Although the Holst Centre concentrates on backplanes, it has made a few prototype displays, initially with organic transistors.
"It is easier to demonstrate you have a working backplane if you have some OLED material deposited on top," said Genoe."There is brightcrystal20 a new appreciation for art being able to exist as an esthetic experience," she said. "We tend to use green OLEDs. We have also used orange, red and - twice - blue."
Initially these were made as part of the Flame programme at the Fraunhofer Institute in Dresden, which is expert at depositing 'small molecule' OLED materials.
Now Imec can do its own deposition, and has a low-key long-term plan to make a full-colour OLED display, for which it needs to deposit all three colours separately.
With colour displays, there is an option to use one layer of white LED and, borrowing from LCD manufacture, a layer of colour filters on top.
"We don't want to go white and colour filters, the result would be too thick for truly rollable displays," said Genoe.
So the lab keeps an eye on OLED material development, where blue emitters have struggled with short lifetime and feeble emission.
"Up to a year ago, blue was still bad, but it is catching up quickly," said Genoe. "And there is big progress in candelas-per-amp on the blue side." Poor blue materials can be compensated for by larger blue pixels. "In the first Samsung Galaxy, the blue pixel was much bigger than the green or red. The greens were tiny as it is by far the most efficient," he said. "In the Galaxy II,Led Tube current performance ledbright of the best alternative all colours are equal, corresponding to the improvement in blue."I really respond to brightcrystal22 the environment, the surroundings and the architecture."
Richard Kirk knows plenty about the availability of OLED materials. He is CEO of Sedgefield-based Polyphotonix, a manufacturer of specialist OLED lighting. Mostly he makes white light products, but there have been requests for colours. "Deep blues do present a challenge. We avoid anything to do with blue,At the center of fscannerstal the display are a number of LED ring lights manufactured by Crystal. although if you only want a 2,000 hour lifetime, fine, it can be done," he said.
The firm invented the light blue emitter to get around the even shorter life of deep blue.
According to Genoe, self-destruction is less of an issue than it once was. "In the beginning, there was some degradation from current. Nowadays you don't see this degradation and the lifetime of OLED is mainly determined by oxygen that gets in," he said.By combining the ledonsale light sources and the water-jet nozzle into one fixture, the ring lights provide increased space and flexibility
Although Polyphotonix can make flexible OLED displays - it has access to custom roll-to-roll manufacturing equipment - the company's chief executive is pragmatic, and currently favours production on impervious glass substrates.
"Barrier layers have improved," said Kirk, "but no one is making kilometers and kilometers of film with barrier layers, so it is difficult to enter flexible OLED manufacturing if you cannot get the supply chain in place." As Kirk's customers want lighting, and lighting customers generally demand long life, "there has to be a compelling reason for using plastic foil, like needing flexibility or conformability," he said.
The successful companies were bought up or signed deals, and the situation has reversed - few will discuss performance.
Although the Holst Centre concentrates on backplanes, it has made a few prototype displays, initially with organic transistors.
"It is easier to demonstrate you have a working backplane if you have some OLED material deposited on top," said Genoe."There is brightcrystal20 a new appreciation for art being able to exist as an esthetic experience," she said. "We tend to use green OLEDs. We have also used orange, red and - twice - blue."
Initially these were made as part of the Flame programme at the Fraunhofer Institute in Dresden, which is expert at depositing 'small molecule' OLED materials.
Now Imec can do its own deposition, and has a low-key long-term plan to make a full-colour OLED display, for which it needs to deposit all three colours separately.
With colour displays, there is an option to use one layer of white LED and, borrowing from LCD manufacture, a layer of colour filters on top.
"We don't want to go white and colour filters, the result would be too thick for truly rollable displays," said Genoe.
So the lab keeps an eye on OLED material development, where blue emitters have struggled with short lifetime and feeble emission.
"Up to a year ago, blue was still bad, but it is catching up quickly," said Genoe. "And there is big progress in candelas-per-amp on the blue side." Poor blue materials can be compensated for by larger blue pixels. "In the first Samsung Galaxy, the blue pixel was much bigger than the green or red. The greens were tiny as it is by far the most efficient," he said. "In the Galaxy II,Led Tube current performance ledbright of the best alternative all colours are equal, corresponding to the improvement in blue."I really respond to brightcrystal22 the environment, the surroundings and the architecture."
Richard Kirk knows plenty about the availability of OLED materials. He is CEO of Sedgefield-based Polyphotonix, a manufacturer of specialist OLED lighting. Mostly he makes white light products, but there have been requests for colours. "Deep blues do present a challenge. We avoid anything to do with blue,At the center of fscannerstal the display are a number of LED ring lights manufactured by Crystal. although if you only want a 2,000 hour lifetime, fine, it can be done," he said.
The firm invented the light blue emitter to get around the even shorter life of deep blue.
According to Genoe, self-destruction is less of an issue than it once was. "In the beginning, there was some degradation from current. Nowadays you don't see this degradation and the lifetime of OLED is mainly determined by oxygen that gets in," he said.By combining the ledonsale light sources and the water-jet nozzle into one fixture, the ring lights provide increased space and flexibility
Although Polyphotonix can make flexible OLED displays - it has access to custom roll-to-roll manufacturing equipment - the company's chief executive is pragmatic, and currently favours production on impervious glass substrates.
"Barrier layers have improved," said Kirk, "but no one is making kilometers and kilometers of film with barrier layers, so it is difficult to enter flexible OLED manufacturing if you cannot get the supply chain in place." As Kirk's customers want lighting, and lighting customers generally demand long life, "there has to be a compelling reason for using plastic foil, like needing flexibility or conformability," he said.
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